| source Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (X) |
level |
department Aerospace Engineering (141) Chemical Engineering (101) Chemistry (90) |
Nomenclature of aircraft components. Standard atmosphere. Basic Aerodynamics : Streamlines, steady fluid motion, incompressible flow, Bernoulli"s equation,Mach number, Pressure and airspeed measurement, Boundary Layer,Reynolds number, Laminar and Turbulent flow. Airfoils and wings: pressure coefficient and lift calculation, Critical Mach number, Wave drag, Finite wings, Induced drag, Swept wings. Aircraft performance: steady level flight, Altitude effects, Absolute ceiling, steady climbing flight, Energy methods, Range and Endurance, Sustained level turn, pull-up, V-n diagram, Take off and landing. Reentry vehicles: Ballistic and Glide Reentry, Blunt body concept. Last Update 02-06-2009 16:53:57.32338
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Basic concepts :Scope and Method of Thermodynamics; System-Boundary, Surroundings; State, Stable Equilibrium, State Co-ordinates and parameters, Extensive and Intensive Parameters; Energy interactions,Work and Heat transfers, Equilibrium, Quasistatic and Reversible process, Non-equilibrium and Irreversible Processes; Zeroth Law and Temperature, First Law and Internal Energy; Second Law - Entropy and Absolute Temperature; Third Law and Absolute Entropy;Thermodynamics of simple compressible systems, State postulate, Fundamental Representations, Thermodynamic Potentials; Jacobeam and Legender Transformations - Maxwell"s Equations, Derivation of thermodynamic properties. Applications: Closed and open systems, Polytropic processes, Cyclic process - Carnot"s cycle; Gas and vapour power cycles; Gas and vapour Refrigeration cycles; Operating Hardware of Engines; Mixtures of gases and vapours, Elements of Combustion; Elements of Heat Transfer, One-D compressible flow, isentropic flow, flow with friction and heat transfer, normal shock. Introduction to Aerospace power plants. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:53:50.522478
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Fluid properties, real and ideal fluid, fluid statics, buoyancy. Classification of flows:compressible and incompressible flows, steady and unsteady flows, uniform and non-uniform flows, laminar and turbulent flows, continuity equation, momentum equation and applications, energy equation and applications. Ideal fluid flow: irrotational flow, velocity potential, source, doublet, vortex, circulation and vorticity, flowpast circular cylinder and sphere. Real fluid flow: Boundary layer, drag, incompressible internal and external flows, one dimensional compressible flow; dimensional analysis and similarity. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Background and introduction: Importance of engineering design, life cycle of a product, engineering design process. Overview of engineering design process: Steps involved in the design process, communication during the design process, team behavior and tools, Delta design exercise. Identification and understanding of customer needs: Requirements capture, development of product design specifications, quality function deployment (QFD) technique, case studies in QFD. Concept generation: Generating engineering specifications, functional analysis and design, concept generation methods, creativity and problem solving, creativity method, creative idea evaluation, TRIZ, axiomatic design. Concept evaluation: Information representation, concept evaluation overview, evaluation techniques based on 1) feasibility judgment, 2) GO-NO-GO screening, 3) technological readiness, 4) basic decision matrix (Pughs Method). Cost estimation: Cost categories, methods of cost estimation, cost indices, cost capacity factors; activity based costing, learning curve. Economic decision making: Time value of money, cost comparison, profitability of investment, sensitivity and break even analysis. Professionalism and ethics: Laws, contracts, liabilities, intellectual property, professional behavior, ethics Last Update 03-06-2009 10:21:59.208519
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Introduction: Engg. statics vs solid mechanics, solid as a continuum, statement of a general solid mechanics problem. Elements of 2-D & 3-D Elasticity: components of stress & strain fields, stress/strain transformation, principal stresses, plane stress/strain, Mohrs circle, equilibrium equations, strain displacement relations, compatibility conditions, natural & kinematic boundary conditions, stress-strain relations, generalized Hookes Law - isotropy, orthotropy, anisotropy. Displacement and force methods of analysis. Concepts of linear and nonlinear problems. Illustration of linear elasticity solutions - problems in 2-D (rectangular and polar co-ordinates), stress function approach. St. Venants principle. Material behaviour: introduction to metallic and non-metallic materials of aerospace interest, awareness/overview of structure of materials. Ductile, brittle, elasto-plastic and viscoelastic material behaviour - Elastic and strength properties. Composite materials. Materials selection. Failure of engineering materials, failure theories, concepts of fatigue, fracture and creep. 1-D structural analysis: slender structural elements, assumptions simplifying the general (3-d) stress, strain and deformation fields for uncoupled axial deformation, uncoupled bending, and uncoupled twisting of slender 1-D elements and development of corresponding elementary theories (Elementary Beam Theory, Elementary Torsion theory), idealization of general loads into axial forces, bending moments, shear forces and torque distributions, deflection and stress analysis of rods, beams and circular shafts. Introduction to energy methods strain energy, virtual work, minimum potential energy and its application. Measurement of strain and displacement. Measurement of elastic and strength properties. ASTM standards. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:20:10.118044
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Experiments on analogue devices such as diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers. Digital circuit introduction using flip-flops, gates and microprocessor. Experiments in aerodynamics, propulsion and structures labs.for familiarization with engineering measurements. Last Update 28-11-2003 11:20:08
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Introduction to Matter-Environment and Interactions. Concepts of Force fields, Equilibrium and Compatibility, techniques and practices for writing internal force diagrams (AFD/TD/SFD& BMD). Theory of deformation of ID continuum subjected to axial,torsional, bending and buckling loads. States of stress/strain at a point. Principle stresses and strains. Stress/strain transformations and Mohrs circle. Failure mechanisms,design of one-dimensional structures and joints. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Basic concepts: System boundary, surroundings, state, extensive and intensive properties, energy interactions, work and heat transfers, equilibrium, quasi-static and reversible processes, non-equilibrium and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic laws: Zeroth law and temperature, first law and internal energy, first law applied to flow processes, second law, entropy and absolute temperature, third law and absolute entropy, thermodynamics of simple compressible systems, energy and exergy. Applications: Closed and open systems, polytrophic processes, cyclic processes, Carnot cycle; Cycle analysis: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Joule-Brayton cycle; ideal and real cycles, design point analysis. Special topics: Elements of heat transfer and combustion, isentropic flow, flow with friction and heat transfer. Introduction to aerospace power plants: Piston prop, turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, turbo shaft, ramjet, rockets. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:16:50.63848
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Characteristics of measuring systems: Calibration, sensitivity and error analysis.Air data measurements: Pressure altitude, airspeedFlow measurements: Hotwire anemometer, manometer, angle of attack sensorTemperature Measurements: Thermocouples, hot gas and cryogenic measurements, thermopilesStrain measurements: Strain gage types, strain gage sensitivity.Pressure measurements: Dependence of measurement dynamics on sensor construction.Inertial and GPS based sensors: Accelerometers and gyroscopes; position, velocity and time measurements.Attitude and heading reference systems: Errors in inertial sensors andcharacterization.Sensor interfacing: amplifiers, filters, and other signal conditioningcircuits, analog and digital conditioning, ADC/DAC, synchronous and asynchronous serial communication. Last Update 03-06-2009 11:23:08.392792
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Properties of fluid, Statics and Buoyancy. Kinematics of fluid motion; Lagrangian vs. Eulerian description of flow motion; Convective, temporal and substantive acceleration. Fundamental laws of Fluid Mechanics; Conservation of mass and momentum in 1D and 2D flows; Classification of Flows: Uniform vs. non-uniform flows, steady vs. unsteady flows, compressible and incompressible flows, ideal vs. real flows. Potential flow theory; Velocity potential and stream function formulations; Ideal flow past circular cylinder. Euler equation in 1D; Viscous flow on a flat plate; Boundary layer, displacement, momentum and energy thicknesses; Flow between two plates, flow in a pipe; Laminar flow vs. turbulent flow. Dimensional analysis and Buckingham pi theorem, Reynolds number; turbulence and turbulent flows; Frictional losses, losses in a pipe; Flow past cylinder, critical Reynolds numbers; Incompressible viscous flow past an airfoil, wakes, types of drags. Mach number and its importance in compressible flows; Equation of motion for compressible flow in 1D; Normal shock, Rankine Hugoniot relations, oblique shock relations, strong, weak and detached shocks. Rayleigh and Fanno flows, isentropic flows; Flow through variable area nozzle; Converging diverging nozzle, supersonic diffusers, supersonic wind tunnels, critical pressure ratios; Prandtl Meyer expansion and expansion fans, interaction of shock and expansion waves. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:18:49.453156
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Elements of Measuring Systems and their functions, Calibration, Validity of results,Standards of Measurements, Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Linearity, Hysteresis, Loading Effects, Resolution etc. Order of the sensor/instrument, Time constant, Rise time, Settling time, Dead time, Frequency & Damping. Error analysis motion, strain/force, fluid flow, pressure, flow velocity and direction, temperature and heat flux, sound pressure, frequency and phase. Fundamentals of Electronics, semiconductor transistors & diodes, small signal circuit analysis & gain relations, operational amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, filters, modulators and demodulators, fundamentals of digital circuits, logic gates, A/D and D/A converters, multiplexers, microprocessor etc. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Introduction to 3-D elasticity and Airy"s stress function. St.Venants Theory of Torsion. Energy theorems and their applications. Rayleigh methods of structural analysis with continuum and discrete coordinates. Concepts and principles of structural analysis and modelling. Development of simplified structural models and their applications to A/c components. Introduction to matrix methods of structural analysis and computer aided design. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Introduction: semi-monocoque aerospace structures - Loads and Design considerations; construction concepts, layout, nomenclature and structural function of parts, strength vs stiffness based design. Torsion of non-circular prismatic beams: importance of warping; St. Venant or Prandtls formulation; Membrane analogy and its application to narrow rectangular cross-section. General formulation of Thin-Walled Beam (TWB) Theory: Cartesian and midline systems, CSRD & thin-wall assumptions, general expressions for dominant displacement, strain and stress fields, equilibrium equations in midline system, stress resultants and general boundary conditions. Torsion and Bending of TWBs: Torsion of single and multi cell closed sections - Bredt-Batho theory, shear flow, torsion constant, free warping calculation, concept of center of twist, torsional equilibrium equation and boundary conditions. Torsion of open TWBs without warp restraint, primary & secondary warping, St. Venant torsion constant. Uncoupled bending of open, closed, single cell, multi-cell TWBs - axial stress, shear flow, shear centre, displacement analysis. Torsion of open section TWBs with primary warp restraint - concept and theory of torsion bending, torsion bending constant, secondary warping restraint. Unsymmetric bending and coupled bending torsion analysis. Buckling of TWBs: Concept of structural instability, flexural buckling analysis, bending of beams under combined axial and lateral loads, short column and inelastic buckling. Pure torsional buckling and coupled flexural-torsional buckling of open TWBs. Introduction to the concept of buckling of plates, local buckling of TWBs. Introduction to buckling and post-buckling of stiffened skin panels, ultimate load carrying capacity of a typical semimonocoque TW box-section. Introduction to tension-field beams. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:29:58.224291
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Introduction: Objectives, concepts and types of models. Modeling: Analytical and experimental modeling of simple mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and structural systems. Transfer function and block diagram representation. Time response: First and second order systems. System representation and simulation using MATLAB, SIMULINK and AMESim tools. Quantifying Uncertainty: Use of simulation to quantify the uncertainty in system response and performance caused by uncertainty in model parameters and inputs. Special topic: Software simulation of stiff systems and impact of integration time step on methodology and response. Lab project: Application of modelling and simulation methodologies to a complex engineering system. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:52:34.856581
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Basic equations of motion. Small perturbation methods in subsonic and supersonic Flows. Similarity rules in high speed flows. Transonic flows. Normal and oblique Shocks. Conical flow. Flow in ducts of variable cross section. Method of Characteristics and design of supersonic nozzles. Viscous effects in compressible Flows. Hypersonic flows. Last Update 03-01-2005 11:28:39
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Introduction: Equilibrium, static stability, control. Longitudinal stability and control: Longitudinal equilibrium and static stability, stick fixed neutral point, all moving horizontal tail OR elevator as longitudinal control. Trimmed lift curve slope and advantages of reduced/negative longitudinal static stability. Hinge moments, reversible control, stick force, and trim tab. Stick free static stability, stick-free neutral point. Lateral-directional stability and control: Directional equilibrium, stability and rudder as control. Lateral stability, dihedral angle, aileron control. Dynamical equations: Euler angles. Body angular velocity and Euler angle rates. Body-fixed axis, wind axis, stability axes. Equations of motion of rigid aircraft in body fixed axes. Stability derivatives. Steady flight and perturbed flight leading to linearised equations of motion. Aircraft motion modes: Decoupling of longitudinal dynamics and lateral-directional dynamics. Short period and phugoid modes of longitudinal dynamics. Dutch roll, spiral and roll subsidence modes of lateral-directional dynamics. Effect of winds. Flight simulation. Last Update 03-06-2009 11:06:41.702829
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Introduction: Control objectives and tasks, open- and closed-loop control structures, negative and positive feedback. System response: Impulse response, convolution integral, response of higher order systems to arbitrary and standard inputs in Laplace and time domains, qualitative dependence on poles and zeros, dominant poles. Stability: Asymptotic and bounded-input-bounded-output stability, characteristic equation and its roots, role of characteristic roots in stability, Routh`s criterion, relative and absolute stability, impact of positive feedback on stability. Root locus analysis: Closed-loop stability analysis using root locus, impact of open-loop poles and zeros on the root locus, root locus for positive feedback systems, effect of gain in the feedback path, root loci for multiple parameters. Frequency response: Magnitude and phase, frequency response of higher order systems, Bode, polar and Nichols plots, bandwidth, Nyquist stability criterion, gain and phase margins. Standard control actions: Proportional control, steady state error constants, system type, tracking control and integral control, lag compensator, transient response improvement and derivative control, lead compensators. Control design: Closed-loop performance specifications, gain and phase margins as design specifications, use of root locus, Bode plots in design, design rules for lag and lead compensators. Special Topics: Non-minimum phase systems, PID Controllers and lag-lead compensators, controllers in the feedback path, closed-loop robustness. Last Update 03-06-2009 10:58:30.286198
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Introduction to various aircraft propulsive devices: Piston-prop, Turboprop, Turbojet, Turbofan, Turboshaft, Ramjet, Vectored-thrust, Lift engines. Gas Turbine cycles and cycle based performance analysis; 1-D and 2-D analysis of flow through gas turbine components -Intake, Compressors, Turbines, Combustion Chamber, Afterburner, and nozzle. Compressor and Turbine blade shapes; cascade theory; radial equilibrium theory; matching of compressor and turbine. Turbine cooling. Single spool Multi-spool engines. Powerplant performance with varying speed and altitude. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Introduction: design process; problem formulation in design, design variables, objective function, equality and inequality constraints, classification of optimization problems, local and global optima, nonlinear and linear problems. Theoretical Concepts: unconstrained optima, constrained optima, Lagrange multipliers, post optimality analysis. Linear Programming: problem definition, basic concepts and LP terminology, Simplex method, 2-phase Simplex. Gradient based Optimization Methods: Non-linear programming, steepest descent, conjugate-gradient method, Newtons methods, BFGS, SLP algorithm, CSD method. Evolutionary and other Global methods: Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Ant Colony, Particle Swarm. Special Topics: Meta Modelling techniques, Multi-criteria Optimization, introduction to Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization Last Update 03-06-2009 11:16:35.400252
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Based on AE 206 & AE 301 Last Update 03-01-2005 11:30:24
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The aerospace structures laboratory includes experiments related to material aspects as well as structural mechanics. These experiments are largely based upon the syllabus covered in the courses on solid mechanics and aerospace structures. A couple of experiments on vibrations and structural dynamics are also included for exposure. The experiments in this laboratory course cover the following. Fabrication of fibre reinforced composite laminate; tension, compression, interlaminar shear, impact and hardness testing for determination of elastic moduli and strength of material; coefficient of thermal expansion; strain measurement; inverse methods for material property determination (Poisson`s ratio and Youngs Modulus) using measured static and dynamic structural response in conjunction with simple structural models; shear centre of open section thin-walled beam, displacement and strain distribution in bending and torsion of twin-walled open and closed section beams; Buckling of beams/plates; measurement of natural frequency, natural modes and modal damping of beams. Last Update 03-06-2009 11:30:49.166544
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Potential flow, Circulation and lift generation, Kutta cndition. Thin airfoil theory, Source, Vortex and doublet panel methods. Subsonic compressible flow over airfoils, Prandtl-Glauert Compressibility correction. Supersonic flow over airfoils, Ackeret Theory. Oblique shocks and expansion waves, shock expansion method. Potential flow over finite wings, lifting-line theory, Vortex lattice method, supersonc flow over finite wings, Subsonic/supersonic leading edge. Linearized theory, Supersonic vortex lattice method. Slender body theory: Introduction to transonic flows, conical flows, Hypersonic flow and high-temperature flows. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Study of aircraft engine models, basic measurement techniques in thermal, mechanical and fluid systems. Experimentation related to aerodynamics and performance of turbomachinery (in axial flow fan set-up and in two-dimensional compressor/turbine cascades), fuel systems, combustion and heat transfer (convective heat transfer to geometries typical of aerospace propulsion applications) in aerospace propulsion systems. Experiments on performance characteristics of gas turbine/jet propulsion systems. Last Update 03-06-2009 11:27:31.402552
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Thin-walled stiffened structures in aerospace vehicles, basic components and assemblages. General formulation for thin-walled beams. Bending and torsion of thin-walled beams of arbitrary closed and open cross-sections, shear flow and shear centre calculations for general cross-sections,warpless cross-sections. Bending and torsion of multi-cell thin-walled beams - warping, shear flow and shear centre, stresses in thin-walled beams of variable depth, effect of taper. Effect of warp restraint in thin-walled beams, axial constraint stresses, effect of warp restraint in open section beams. Buckling of thin walled beams, torsional instability, introduction to the instability of flat sheets, local buckling of composite shapes, buckling of stiffened sheets, effective width concept, design charts and formulae. Diagonal tension and semi-tension field beams. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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Based on AE 201,AE 305. Flight test program conducted at IIT-Kanpur in December vacation. Last Update 03-04-2003 16:18:14
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